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electroporation instrument  (Bio-Rad)


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    Structured Review

    Bio-Rad electroporation instrument
    Overview of the pKD46-Red-mediated scarless deletion of the target gene in S. sonnei ① The pKD46 plasmid (encoding Red recombinase) is pre-transformed into S. sonnei and cells are grown at 30 °C to competence. ② A PCR product containing antibiotic-resistance marker flanked by two FRT sites is amplified from pKD3/pKD4. ③ The targeting fragment is introduced by <t>electroporation;</t> Red-driven homologous recombination and antibiotic selection yield primary recombinants. ④ Cultivation at 42 °C cures the temperature-sensitive pKD46. ⑤ Introduction of the CP20 plasmid (encoding FLP recombinase) excises the resistance cassette between the FRT sites; a second 42 °C heat step eliminates CP20, leaving a clean, marker-free deletion mutant. H1/H2, homology extensions; P1/P2, primer sites; FRT, FLP recognition target. The figure is reprinted with permission from Wang et al., 2025. Created with BioRender.
    Electroporation Instrument, supplied by Bio-Rad, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 5903 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/gene+pulser+instrument/Gene+Pulser+Xcell+Total+System/pmc12914205-114-0-3
    Average 97 stars, based on 5903 article reviews
    electroporation instrument - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    97/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Protocol to identify the signaling network of nucleotide second messengers in Shigella sonnei"

    Article Title: Protocol to identify the signaling network of nucleotide second messengers in Shigella sonnei

    Journal: STAR Protocols

    doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104353

    Overview of the pKD46-Red-mediated scarless deletion of the target gene in S. sonnei ① The pKD46 plasmid (encoding Red recombinase) is pre-transformed into S. sonnei and cells are grown at 30 °C to competence. ② A PCR product containing antibiotic-resistance marker flanked by two FRT sites is amplified from pKD3/pKD4. ③ The targeting fragment is introduced by electroporation; Red-driven homologous recombination and antibiotic selection yield primary recombinants. ④ Cultivation at 42 °C cures the temperature-sensitive pKD46. ⑤ Introduction of the CP20 plasmid (encoding FLP recombinase) excises the resistance cassette between the FRT sites; a second 42 °C heat step eliminates CP20, leaving a clean, marker-free deletion mutant. H1/H2, homology extensions; P1/P2, primer sites; FRT, FLP recognition target. The figure is reprinted with permission from Wang et al., 2025. Created with BioRender.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Overview of the pKD46-Red-mediated scarless deletion of the target gene in S. sonnei ① The pKD46 plasmid (encoding Red recombinase) is pre-transformed into S. sonnei and cells are grown at 30 °C to competence. ② A PCR product containing antibiotic-resistance marker flanked by two FRT sites is amplified from pKD3/pKD4. ③ The targeting fragment is introduced by electroporation; Red-driven homologous recombination and antibiotic selection yield primary recombinants. ④ Cultivation at 42 °C cures the temperature-sensitive pKD46. ⑤ Introduction of the CP20 plasmid (encoding FLP recombinase) excises the resistance cassette between the FRT sites; a second 42 °C heat step eliminates CP20, leaving a clean, marker-free deletion mutant. H1/H2, homology extensions; P1/P2, primer sites; FRT, FLP recognition target. The figure is reprinted with permission from Wang et al., 2025. Created with BioRender.

    Techniques Used: Plasmid Preparation, Transformation Assay, Marker, Amplification, Electroporation, Homologous Recombination, Selection, Mutagenesis

    Identification of the interaction between CRP and YdeH using the BACTH system Both crp and ydeH were cloned and inserted into the pUT18C and pKNT25 vectors, respectively, and co-transformed into the BTH101 strain by electroporation. The positive clones were spotted together with the negative control and positive control on the colour plate. Finally, the colour development of the plate was checked. Figure reprinted with permission from Wang et al., 2025. Created with BioRender.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Identification of the interaction between CRP and YdeH using the BACTH system Both crp and ydeH were cloned and inserted into the pUT18C and pKNT25 vectors, respectively, and co-transformed into the BTH101 strain by electroporation. The positive clones were spotted together with the negative control and positive control on the colour plate. Finally, the colour development of the plate was checked. Figure reprinted with permission from Wang et al., 2025. Created with BioRender.

    Techniques Used: Clone Assay, Transformation Assay, Electroporation, Negative Control, Positive Control

    Related Articles

    Transfection:

    Article Title: Expression and localization of grass carp pkc-θ (protein kinase C theta) gene after its activation.
    Article Snippet: Haemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) can result in large-scale death of young grass carp, leading to irreparable economic losses that seriously affect large-scale breeding.. Protein kinase C (PKC, also known as PRKC) represents a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that includes multiple isozymes in many species.. Among these, PKC-θ (PKC theta, also written as PRKCQ) is a novel isoform, mainly expressed in T cells, that is known to be involved in immune system function in mammals.

    Plasmid Preparation:

    Article Title: Expression and localization of grass carp pkc-θ (protein kinase C theta) gene after its activation.
    Article Snippet: Haemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) can result in large-scale death of young grass carp, leading to irreparable economic losses that seriously affect large-scale breeding.. Protein kinase C (PKC, also known as PRKC) represents a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that includes multiple isozymes in many species.. Among these, PKC-θ (PKC theta, also written as PRKCQ) is a novel isoform, mainly expressed in T cells, that is known to be involved in immune system function in mammals.

    Article Title: Structural and functional analysis of Bacillus cereus spore cortex lytic enzymes and YlaJ/YhcN lipoproteins
    Article Snippet: Verified pMAD plasmids were demethylated by passaging through dam-/dcm- E. coli (New England Biolabs, UK) before introducing to B. cereus by electroporation and selecting for transformants on LB plates supplemented with 1 μg ml −1 erythromycin, 5 μg ml −1 lincomycin and 90 μg ml −1 X-gal. .. Efficient electroporation was achieved using a Gene Pulser instrument (Bio-Rad) operating at 200 Ω, 2 kV and 25 μF with cuvettes that contained 500 ng of plasmid DNA plus 50 μl of thawed electrocompetent cells. ..

    Electroporation:

    Article Title: Expression and localization of grass carp pkc-θ (protein kinase C theta) gene after its activation.
    Article Snippet: Haemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) can result in large-scale death of young grass carp, leading to irreparable economic losses that seriously affect large-scale breeding.. Protein kinase C (PKC, also known as PRKC) represents a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that includes multiple isozymes in many species.. Among these, PKC-θ (PKC theta, also written as PRKCQ) is a novel isoform, mainly expressed in T cells, that is known to be involved in immune system function in mammals.

    Article Title: Unmasking Pathogen Traits for Chronic Colonization in Neurogenic Bladder Patients
    Article Snippet: .. Electroporation was conducted using the Gene-Pulser instrument (1.5 kV, 400 Ω resistance, and 25 μF capacitance, Bio-Rad). ..

    Article Title: Structural and functional analysis of Bacillus cereus spore cortex lytic enzymes and YlaJ/YhcN lipoproteins
    Article Snippet: Verified pMAD plasmids were demethylated by passaging through dam-/dcm- E. coli (New England Biolabs, UK) before introducing to B. cereus by electroporation and selecting for transformants on LB plates supplemented with 1 μg ml −1 erythromycin, 5 μg ml −1 lincomycin and 90 μg ml −1 X-gal. .. Efficient electroporation was achieved using a Gene Pulser instrument (Bio-Rad) operating at 200 Ω, 2 kV and 25 μF with cuvettes that contained 500 ng of plasmid DNA plus 50 μl of thawed electrocompetent cells. ..

    Article Title: Systematic evasion of the restriction-modification barrier in bacteria
    Article Snippet: Oligonucleotides were purchased from IDT Technologies 15 (Coralville, IA). .. Electroporation cuvettes (1 mm-gap) were purchased from BioRad and transformations 16 performed on a BioRad Gene Pulser instrument. .. De novo DNA synthesis services and polynucleotide 17 fragments were purchased from Synbio Technologies (Monmouth Junction, NJ).

    Article Title: Production of recombinant human G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and establishment of a ligand binding assay using graphene quantum dots (GQDs)
    Article Snippet: .. Electroporation was performed using a Gene Pulser instrument (Bio-Rad) according to established protocols [ ]. ..

    Article Title: Statistical mining of triple-negative breast cancer-specific nanobodies among huge libraries from immunized alpacas
    Article Snippet: .. Electroporation-competent Escherichia coli TG1 cells (Agilent Technologies Japan, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) were transformed with the ligated plasmids using the Gene Pulser instrument (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Hercules, CA). ..

    Transformation Assay:

    Article Title: Statistical mining of triple-negative breast cancer-specific nanobodies among huge libraries from immunized alpacas
    Article Snippet: .. Electroporation-competent Escherichia coli TG1 cells (Agilent Technologies Japan, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) were transformed with the ligated plasmids using the Gene Pulser instrument (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Hercules, CA). ..

    Expressing:

    Article Title: Active Expression of Human Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) c-DNA from Pulmonary Metastases in the Methylotrophic Yeast Pichia Pastoris KM71H Strain
    Article Snippet: .. Preparation of the competent cells from the overnight culture was performed according to the work instruction of Pichia Expression Kit (Easy Select Pichia Expression Kit, Invitrogen), hence the competent cells were electroporated with 5μg of linearized pPICZalphaA-t-PA with PmeI (Thermo Scientific, Rochester, USA) at 37 0C for 16 h) using a Bio-Rad Gene Pulser instrument (1500 V, 25 IF, 200X). ..



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    Overview of the pKD46-Red-mediated scarless deletion of the target gene in S. sonnei ① The pKD46 plasmid (encoding Red recombinase) is pre-transformed into S. sonnei and cells are grown at 30 °C to competence. ② A PCR product containing antibiotic-resistance marker flanked by two FRT sites is amplified from pKD3/pKD4. ③ The targeting fragment is introduced by <t>electroporation;</t> Red-driven homologous recombination and antibiotic selection yield primary recombinants. ④ Cultivation at 42 °C cures the temperature-sensitive pKD46. ⑤ Introduction of the CP20 plasmid (encoding FLP recombinase) excises the resistance cassette between the FRT sites; a second 42 °C heat step eliminates CP20, leaving a clean, marker-free deletion mutant. H1/H2, homology extensions; P1/P2, primer sites; FRT, FLP recognition target. The figure is reprinted with permission from Wang et al., 2025. Created with BioRender.
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    Fig. 4 Evaluating of the best conditions of the mimic miRNAs’ complexes (7 or 4 mimic miRs complex) at different concentrations of 100 pM (A) or 200 pM (B) using <t>electroporation.</t> MSCs (mesenchymal stromal cells); NC (non-coding miRNAs); The asymmetry in the error bars is due to the logarithmic scale used for the Y-axis; X-axis represents the different HLCs produced by various methods and The Y-axis is fold change of gene expression
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    Image Search Results


    Overview of the pKD46-Red-mediated scarless deletion of the target gene in S. sonnei ① The pKD46 plasmid (encoding Red recombinase) is pre-transformed into S. sonnei and cells are grown at 30 °C to competence. ② A PCR product containing antibiotic-resistance marker flanked by two FRT sites is amplified from pKD3/pKD4. ③ The targeting fragment is introduced by electroporation; Red-driven homologous recombination and antibiotic selection yield primary recombinants. ④ Cultivation at 42 °C cures the temperature-sensitive pKD46. ⑤ Introduction of the CP20 plasmid (encoding FLP recombinase) excises the resistance cassette between the FRT sites; a second 42 °C heat step eliminates CP20, leaving a clean, marker-free deletion mutant. H1/H2, homology extensions; P1/P2, primer sites; FRT, FLP recognition target. The figure is reprinted with permission from Wang et al., 2025. Created with BioRender.

    Journal: STAR Protocols

    Article Title: Protocol to identify the signaling network of nucleotide second messengers in Shigella sonnei

    doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104353

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Overview of the pKD46-Red-mediated scarless deletion of the target gene in S. sonnei ① The pKD46 plasmid (encoding Red recombinase) is pre-transformed into S. sonnei and cells are grown at 30 °C to competence. ② A PCR product containing antibiotic-resistance marker flanked by two FRT sites is amplified from pKD3/pKD4. ③ The targeting fragment is introduced by electroporation; Red-driven homologous recombination and antibiotic selection yield primary recombinants. ④ Cultivation at 42 °C cures the temperature-sensitive pKD46. ⑤ Introduction of the CP20 plasmid (encoding FLP recombinase) excises the resistance cassette between the FRT sites; a second 42 °C heat step eliminates CP20, leaving a clean, marker-free deletion mutant. H1/H2, homology extensions; P1/P2, primer sites; FRT, FLP recognition target. The figure is reprinted with permission from Wang et al., 2025. Created with BioRender.

    Article Snippet: Electroporation instrument , BIO-RAD , Gene Pulser Xcell.

    Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Transformation Assay, Marker, Amplification, Electroporation, Homologous Recombination, Selection, Mutagenesis

    Identification of the interaction between CRP and YdeH using the BACTH system Both crp and ydeH were cloned and inserted into the pUT18C and pKNT25 vectors, respectively, and co-transformed into the BTH101 strain by electroporation. The positive clones were spotted together with the negative control and positive control on the colour plate. Finally, the colour development of the plate was checked. Figure reprinted with permission from Wang et al., 2025. Created with BioRender.

    Journal: STAR Protocols

    Article Title: Protocol to identify the signaling network of nucleotide second messengers in Shigella sonnei

    doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104353

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Identification of the interaction between CRP and YdeH using the BACTH system Both crp and ydeH were cloned and inserted into the pUT18C and pKNT25 vectors, respectively, and co-transformed into the BTH101 strain by electroporation. The positive clones were spotted together with the negative control and positive control on the colour plate. Finally, the colour development of the plate was checked. Figure reprinted with permission from Wang et al., 2025. Created with BioRender.

    Article Snippet: Electroporation instrument , BIO-RAD , Gene Pulser Xcell.

    Techniques: Clone Assay, Transformation Assay, Electroporation, Negative Control, Positive Control

    Fig. 4 Evaluating of the best conditions of the mimic miRNAs’ complexes (7 or 4 mimic miRs complex) at different concentrations of 100 pM (A) or 200 pM (B) using electroporation. MSCs (mesenchymal stromal cells); NC (non-coding miRNAs); The asymmetry in the error bars is due to the logarithmic scale used for the Y-axis; X-axis represents the different HLCs produced by various methods and The Y-axis is fold change of gene expression

    Journal: BMC molecular and cell biology

    Article Title: Differentiation of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells into hepatocyte-like cells using a refined method.

    doi: 10.1186/s12860-025-00534-y

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4 Evaluating of the best conditions of the mimic miRNAs’ complexes (7 or 4 mimic miRs complex) at different concentrations of 100 pM (A) or 200 pM (B) using electroporation. MSCs (mesenchymal stromal cells); NC (non-coding miRNAs); The asymmetry in the error bars is due to the logarithmic scale used for the Y-axis; X-axis represents the different HLCs produced by various methods and The Y-axis is fold change of gene expression

    Article Snippet: Additionally, a Gene Pulser Xcell electroporation instrument (BIO-RAD, USA) was employed for this investigation.

    Techniques: Electroporation, Produced, Gene Expression